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On the effect of parental leave duration on unempoyment and wages

Detalles: Publicado: 02 Febrero 2018

Del Rey, E., Racionero, M. and Silva, J.I. (2017): On the effect of parental leave duration on unempoyment and wages, Economic Letters, 158,14-17.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.06.029

Abstract

We introduce parental leave policies in a labor search and matching model and study the effect of leave duration on unemployment and wages. We show that the effects are ambiguous and depend on whether the net benefit of the leave for the worker relative to her bargaining power is larger than the net benefit of the leave for the firm relative to its bargaining power. Our results suggest that simulated labor market outcomes in search and matching models may be sensitive to the calibration of these key parameters of the model.

Can labor provisions in trade agreementspromote gender equality? Empirical evidencefrom Cambodia

Detalles: Publicado: 02 Febrero 2018

López-Mourelo, E. and Samaan, D. (2017): Can labor provisions in trade agreements promote gender equality? Empirical evidence from Cambodia, Review of Development Economics, DOI: 10.111/rode.12347

Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of regional and bilateral trade agreements have emerged that include provisions on labor standards. The claimed purpose of these labor provisions is to improve working conditions in developing and emerging economies. However, little is known about whether such provisions actually do impact working conditions. This paper conducts an econometric study on the effectiveness of labor provisions in trade agreements. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the 1999 Bilateral Textile Agreement between Cambodia and the United States (CUSBTA) on both the gender wage gap and discrimination. The agreement combined the incentive of higher exports with the obligation of textile manufacturers to comply with international core labor standards, which include the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Using data from the Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey and applying a difference-in-difference estimation, we find a statistically significant reduction of the gender wage gap in the textile sector that can be attributed to the CUSBTA.

In recent years, an increasing number of regional and bilateral

trade agreements have emerged that include provisions on labor

standards. The claimed purpose of these labor provisions is to

improve working conditions in developing and emerging econo-

mies. However, little is known about whether such provisions

actually do impact working conditions. This paper conducts an

econometric study on the effectiveness of labor provisions in

trade agreements. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the

1999 Bilateral Textile Agreement between Cambodia and the

United States (CUSBTA) on both the gender wage gap and dis-

crimination. The agreement combined the incentive of higher

exports with the obligation of textile manufacturers to comply

with international core labor standards, which include the elimi-

nation of discrimination in respect of employment and occupa-

tion. Using data from the Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey and

applying a difference-in-difference estimation, we find a statisti-

cally significant reduction of the gender wage gap in the textile

sector that can be attributed to the CUSBTA.In recent years, an increasing number of regional and bilateral

trade agreements have emerged that include provisions on labor

standards. The claimed purpose of these labor provisions is to

improve working conditions in developing and emerging econo-

mies. However, little is known about whether such provisions

actually do impact working conditions. This paper conducts an

econometric study on the effectiveness of labor provisions in

trade agreements. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the

1999 Bilateral Textile Agreement between Cambodia and the

United States (CUSBTA) on both the gender wage gap and dis-

crimination. The agreement combined the incentive of higher

exports with the obligation of textile manufacturers to comply

with international core labor standards, which include the elimi-

nation of discrimination in respect of employment and occupa-

tion. Using data from the Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey and

applying a difference-in-difference estimation, we find a statisti-

cally significant reduction of the gender wage gap in the textile

sector that can be attributed to the CUSBTA.In recent years, an increasing number of regional and bilateral

trade agreements have emerged that include provisions on labor

standards. The claimed purpose of these labor provisions is to

improve working conditions in developing and emerging econo-

mies. However, little is known about whether such provisions

actually do impact working conditions. This paper conducts an

econometric study on the effectiveness of labor provisions in

trade agreements. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the

1999 Bilateral Textile Agreement between Cambodia and the

United States (CUSBTA) on both the gender wage gap and dis-

crimination. The agreement combined the incentive of higher

exports with the obligation of textile manufacturers to comply

with international core labor standards, which include the elimi-

nation of discrimination in respect of employment and occupa-

tion. Using data from the Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey and

applying a difference-in-difference estimation, we find a statisti-

cally significant reduction of the gender wage gap in the textile

sector that can be attributed to the CUSBTA.

In recent years, an increasing number of regional and bilateral

trade agreements have emerged that include provisions on labor

standards. The claimed purpose of these labor provisions is to

improve working conditions in developing and emerging econo-

mies. However, little is known about whether such provisions

actually do impact working conditions. This paper conducts an

econometric study on the effectiveness of labor provisions in

trade agreements. In particular, we evaluate the impact of the

1999 Bilateral Textile Agreement between Cambodia and the

United States (CUSBTA) on both the gender wage gap and dis-

crimination. The agreement combined the incentive of higher

exports with the obligation of textile manufacturers to comply

with international core labor standards, which include the elimi-

nation of discrimination in respect of employment and occupa-

tion. Using data from the Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey and

applying a difference-in-difference estimation, we find a statisti-

cally significant reduction of the gender wage gap in the textile

sector that can be attributed to the CUSBTA.

Youth Labour Market Prospects and Recent Policy Developments

Detalles: Publicado: 02 Febrero 2018

Escudero, V. Kühn, S. López Mourelo, E. and Tobin, S. (2017): Youth labour market prospects and recent policy developments, in Malo, M.Á. and Moreno Mínguez, A. (Eds.) European Youth Labour Markets: Problems and Policies, 7-26, Springer, Cham.

Abstract

Youth continue to face important labour market challenges today, often significantly greater than their adult counterparts. While unemployment rates have fallen in recent years, long-term unemployment remains persistently high as does the share of youth neither in employment nor in education or training. This raises concerns about the consequences of a prolonged joblessness among youth and the role of labour market policies in addressing these challenges. In this context, this chapter presents first, an overview of global youth labour market trends since the economic crisis, focusing on the developments in Europe. Second, the chapter examines the consequences of the current situation in Europe along several dimensions, notably the risk of detachment from the labour market and concerns about job quality. Finally, this chapter discusses valuable lessons learned on the effectiveness of youth labour market policies, using the European Youth Guarantee as a framework for the analysis of more specific measures.

Keywords

Europe Youth guarantee Unemployment Active labour market policies NEET

Partial disability and labor market adjustment: The case of Spain

Detalles: Publicado: 02 Febrero 2018

Silva, J.I. and Vall, J. (2017): Partial disability and labor market adjustment: The case of Spain, Labour Economics, 48, 23-34.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2017.05.012

Abstract

Although partially disabled individuals in Spain are allowed to combine disability benefits with a job, the empirical evidence shows that the employment rate of this group of individuals is very low because they have much lower job finding and higher job separation rates than nondisabled workers. Moreover, a decomposition analysis of the equilibrium employment rate shows that the differences in the job finding rates explain 85 percent of the disabled employment gap. To explain these facts, we construct a labor market model with search intensity and matching frictions to identify the incentives and disincentives to work in Spain from the point of view of both disabled workers and employers. According to the model, the high employment rate gap observed between nondisabled and disabled individuals can be partly explained by the presence of a lower level of productivity among disabled individuals that discourages them from looking for jobs. In terms of policy interventions, sensitivity analysis shows that, since the disability condition is permanent, one-off subsidies in new hired positions have a much lower impact on the employment rate and welfare of disabled individuals than long-term policies.

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