Understanding intergenerational transmission of deprivation in Spain: Education and marital sorting

Detalles
Publicado: 03 Abril 2018

Davia, M. Á. and Legazpe, N. (2017): Understanding intergenerational transmission of deprivation in Spain: Education and marital sorting, Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 52, 1-14

 

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on intergenerational transmission of deprivation in Spain by exploring how this phenomenon is shaped by education and marital homogamy. To that aim, a set of univariate, bivariate and trivariate ordered probit models are estimated on a sample of Spanish-born individuals from the module on intergenerational transmission of disadvantages in the Spanish Survey on Living Conditions 2011. We split the sample into two age groups (30–39 and 40–49-year-olds), and find similar levels of intergenerational transmission of deprivation amongst younger cohorts despite their higher educational mobility. Education is more relevant as a channel for the transmission of disadvantages across generations in the younger subsample than in the elder one. Marital sorting has a more relevant impact on the transmission of social disadvantage in the younger group. Finally, in the elder subsample, there seems to be a more genuine (beyond the observed transmission channels) transmission of (dis-)advantage, while in the younger subsample, the observed transmission channels seem to fully explain the inheritance of the risk for material deprivation

Keywords: Intergenerational transmission of deprivation European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Spain Marital sorting Educational expansion Trivariate ordered probit models

The Cycle of Earnings Inequality: Evidence from Spanish Social Security Data

Detalles
Publicado: 03 Abril 2018

Bonhomme, S. and Hospido, L. (2017): The Cycle of Earnings Inequality: Evidence from Spanish Social Security Data, The Economic Journal, 127, 1244-1278

 

 Abstract

We use detailed information from social security records to document the evolution of male earnings inequality and employment in Spain from 1988 to 2010. We find that inequality was strongly countercyclical: it increased around the 1993 recession, experienced a substantial decrease during the 1997–2007 expansion and then a sharp increase during the recent recession. This evolution went in parallel with the cyclicality of employment in the lower middle part of the wage distribution. Our findings highlight the importance of the housing boom and bust in this evolution, suggesting that demand shocks in the construction sector had large effects on aggregate labour market outcomes.

The effect of permanent employment on absenteeism: Evidence from labor reform in Spain

Detalles
Publicado: 05 Marzo 2018

García-Mainar, I., Green, C.P. and Navarro-Paniagua, M. (2018): The effect of permanent employment on absenteeism: Evidence from labor reform in Spain, ILR Review, 71 (2), 525-549. 

Abstract

Restrictive employment protection legislation has been highlighted as a key reason for lower labor productivity in Europe compared to the United States. Evidence in the literature has shown robust effects of employment protection on effort, though the effects appear too small to generate marked cross-country differences in labor productivity. The authors revisit this issue using representative data of private-sector workers in Spain. A range of legislative changes aimed at reducing the incidence of temporary employment are used to estimate the effect of permanent employment on one aspect of effort, absenteeism. Results suggest that being employed on a permanent contract increases the probability of being absent from work due to sickness by approximately 5.3 percentage points and the time absent by approximately 0.30 of a day per week. These results suggest that cross-country differences in employment protection have the potential to have a substantial impact on labor productivity.

Competencies, occupational status and earnings among European university graduates

Detalles
Publicado: 05 Marzo 2018

Blázquez, M., Herrarte, A. and Llorente-Heras, R. (2018): Competencies, occupational status and earnings among European university graduates, Economics of Education Review, 62, 16-34.

Abstract

While the effect of education and experience on labour market outcomes has been widely studied, the literature that analyses the influence of human capital competencies (talents, skills, and capabilities) is still relatively scarce. Using cross-sectional data from the REFLEX Project, we investigate the effect of personal competencies (both cognitive and non-cognitive) on two labour market outcomes among European university graduates: occupational status and earnings. Our estimates suggest that individuals endowed with a higher level of competencies are more likely to occupy managerial and professional positions and, to a lesser extent, technician jobs. Additionally, they also receive higher wages, but the relation is only significant for men. When we distinguish competencies according to their cognitive or non-cognitive nature, we find that only the latter are significant in explaining occupational status. In contrast, cognitive competencies are more related with wages. As regards the role of specific competencies, our findings suggest that leadership is the most relevant competence for the occupational status of males, especially in managerial positions. In contrast, initiative and enterprise abilities seem to be the most relevant skills for women in such positions. Intelligence produces the highest rewards in terms of earnings among the male subsample, while none of the competencies exerts a significant impact on females’ wages.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.10.006

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